Get Ready for OLED!

In early January Samsung announced the release of their "Super OLED" 55" television. The television wasn't the production model and we will have to wait until later this year before they hit stores, but this history in the making - as Plasma, LCD, and LED will be history when these sets become affordable for everyone. LG has also announced a 55" OLED for later this year.

 

OLED stands for "Organic Light Emitting Diode" and the technology essentially combines the best of what plasma has to offer (speed and contrast) with the best of what LED sets have to offer (thin bezels with flexible mounting options, pure whites, bright screens). OLED sets utilize electroluminescence, which means that the organic compounds, when given an electric current, emit light. OLED sets can use the same active-matrix technology (utilizing a thin film transistor (TFT) back-plate) to switch individual pixels on or off. Because the pixels themselves produce light, eliminating the need for a back-light, OLED sets can achieve extraordinary blacks. Moreover, without the need for a back-light, these televisions can be ultra-thin and light! The response time on these sets is mega fast as well, so there will be no worries about lag or ugly speed artifacts.OLED sets have a response time of 0.01 ms, which would enable up to 100,000 hz refresh rate! If you don't know what that means, see this older blog post. OLED sets will also have better contrast ratios than either Plasma, LCD, or LED televisions. Finally, the color reproduction of OLED cells is quite good (at least before degradation, see below for more information on the disadvantages of the technology). 

These sets will most likely arrive with a price tag between $8,000 and $10,000, but prices will decrease steadily as manufacturing costs become cheaper and competing companies enter the fray. Sony has offered an 11" OLED for some time now and this small set costs a pretty penny - it's still around $800.00. Sony's 25" Professional OLED costs about $6,100! So a $8,000 price tag would be pretty good for a 55" OLED TV.

So it may sound like I have described the "holy grail" of TV technology. However, as with all technologies there are a few disadvantages. As far as I know (and companies may have made significant progress here, we won't know until the sets have been released) the organic compounds used for OLED technologies have a lifespan of about 15,000 hours - that's about 5 years at 8 hours a day. Your typical LCD or Plasma has a lifespan of around 60,000 to 100,000 hours. Moreover, the compounds used for different color pallets have different degradation rates, which can lead to color imbalances over time (with the color blue having a shorter life span). Even worse, the process of degradation can actually lead to "burn-in" as some pixels can actually fade as they are utilized more often with certain content. While power consumption is generally lower than LCD/LED technologies, it does take more power for an OLED to display bright images which are heavy with lighter colors, especially white. Finally, OLED cells are damaged by UV light, but his has been corrected by utilizing UV light blockers. Without the blockers, OLED sets can become useless after only a few months of exposure to normal lighting! 

Nevertheless, at the outset all of our current technologies there were severe downfalls - Plasma sets didn't used to last 100,000 to half-life - in fact they used to dim significantly after only a year's use. In fact, the first plasma TV's did't come with speakers or TV tuners, those "accessories" were extra and the TVs were only "monitors". Early LCD sets had terrible lag and back-light bleed-through. They were also much heavier and thicker than the current displays. I am sure, just like all technology, that OLED will get better over time - but from the looks of the first generation sets, there won't be much to complain about, besides the price.

Yes, you can say I am excited! 

The Future of Optical Drives?

So, today's thought (which actually inspired the idea for the whole blog) is: What is the Future of Optical Drives for Consumer Electronics Writ Large?

This is an interesting question. We have seen the evolution of optical media: CD-ROM, CD-R / CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-R / DVD-RW, BD, and now BD-R / BD-RE. We can actually think about the evolution in terms of how much information we can fit on a disc. CD-R optical lasers began with a wavelength of 780 nano-meters (nm) (inferred range), DVD-R lasers were reduced to 650 nm, and BD-R lasers are around 405 nm. CD-R can generally fit about 700 MB of data, DVD-R can generally fit about 4.7 GB (single layer), and a BD-R can generally fit about 25 GB (single layer); the amount of data depends on whether the disc is single or double layered, as double layered discs are able to fit twice the information. Notice the trend - it's pretty obvious that storage is getting larger and this is a direct result of what  is placed on the disc. We have went from recording music to 480p movies to 1080p movies. 

Some of the really, really nerdy people out there might remember the BD vs. HD-DVD format war that occurred in the mid 2000s. HD-DVD could store about 15GB on a single layer disc and was mainly produced by Toshiba and  used for 720p movies on Paramount and Warner Bros. labels. In 2008 (Toshiba's) HD-DVD was defeated by (Sony's) Blu-Ray as the last of the movie production companies switched to BD discs.

Nevertheless, as the era of High Definition (HD) solidified we needed a media capable of giving us the content we wanted. Now it looks as though broadband streaming of online HD content could potentially kill the optical drive - not to mention the fact that we can download most software for our computers. Also, reasonably priced SD (and other types) memory cards (and thumb / flash drives) can hold 32 GB of data and that is getting larger all the time! Moreover, solid state drives are becoming more popular and demonstrate the ability to store large amounts of information on small frames (i.e. the MacBook Air). Many of you may have probably heard the rumor that new MacBook Pro laptops may be dropping the optical drive in order to make them slimmer and lighter. Consumers can buy plenty of Windows based laptops without Optical Drives already. The only time I ever use my optical burner in my computer is to burn CDs for my car - and that is rare because I have an iPhone connector in my sweet Pioneer Premier deck. In fact, when I sell Blu-Ray Players, customers are more interested in whether they have a built-in internet receiver so they can stream Netflix than the quality of the optical player itself! Let's not forget about the "Cloud" (generally defined here as any off-site data storage which can be accessed via the internet). Will services like Netflix, websites like www.download.com, and the "Cloud" kill the optical drive?

Not likely in the near future. Whether you know it or not, when you stream content from Netflix and other services (including cable and satellite set-top box (on-demand) services) your video is compressed and compression reduces the quality of your video content - in fact compression artifacts are pretty common on Netflix, although this has gotten much better. Even so, there is a difference. Try streaming Iron Man 2 in HD on Netflix and playing Iron Man 2 on Blu-Ray, side-by-side on identical 1080p TVs. You WILL see a difference - I am picky so I say the difference is major!

However, this is NOT the reason I say optical technology will survive for at least another decade. 1920x1080 (1080p) displays are not the be-all-end-all of HD TV. "Ultra HD TV" (also known as Super Hi-Resolution)  is coming and it has a resolution of 4096x2060 pixels - but NHK in Japan has confirmed a 7680x4320 pixels display. For a 2 hour movie, this resolution would require about 100GB of data! Try streaming that resolution with any kind of buffer. This technology is about a decade away; but researchers at the University of California have demonstrated a laser wavelength of  385 nm. We will need a wavelength of 200 nm for the new high resolution technology, so it's not here yet. You can find a more thorough discussion of this technology and more on the future of optical drives here, from this Forbes article. Unless consumer broadband streaming streaming technology keeps up with HD content (as of now a T1 line has a potential bandwidth of around 1.5 mps and a T3 has a bandwidth around 45 mps - your local cable or DSL connection is capped at around 3 mps at the high-end), optical disc media will still have a use - hell, YouTube content still has trouble keeping a decent buffer at times.

Plus, at least some of us have the desire to own the case and non-digital media that come with albums and movies. Yes, I like looking at the CD booklet and I always hope the artist includes the lyrics. In the end, optical drives may be removed from PCs and Laptops, but they are going nowhere when it comes to HD movie content.

In all reality tech moves so fast that all of this could change in a split second... but I think we can bank on at least a decade of consumer electronic optical technology with at least 1 new evolution.